"The circular economy could deliver a reduction in GHG emissions of 33%" (European Environment Agency)

"Based on an average, the circular economy could deliver a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of 33%, yet this ranges from 2% to 99% estimates for reductions across different studies", declares the European Environment Agency in a briefing on 19/02/2026.

The EEA compared 131 publications on the circular economy's potential to mitigate climate change. The circular economy can reduce GHG emissions by "lowering demand for primary raw materials throughout the product value chain and thereby reducing emissions associated with their extraction and processing". They include circular design and sustainable material selection before use, repair, refurbishment and shared use during use and recycling and retaining materials after use.

"Together, these measures can significantly cut emissions from extracting and processing raw materials, which account for about 55% of global GHG emissions, including emissions linked to the production of food or fossil fuels", outlines the EEA.
"Circular approaches can also support more sustainable production and sourcing activities, particularly in biomass…