France's environmental balance sheet: €100 Bn mobilised in 2023 to offset man-made pressures

The financial resources mobilised by public and - for the most part - private players to prevent pollution, restore natural environments and limit the over-exploitation of resources reached €100 Bn in 2023, or 3.5% of GDP. These are the findings of the 2025 edition of France's environmental balance sheet, published by the Statistical Data and Studies Service on 29/05/2026.

Despite these investments, the pressures exerted by human activities on the environment remain high. "In 2024, France's gross territorial greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions amounted to 369Mt CO2 eq, or 5.4 t CO2 eq per inhabitant. They continued to decrease in 2024 (-1.8%), but at a slower rate than in 2023 (-6.8%). They were 32% lower in 2024 than in 1990.

The transport sector remained the largest emitter in 2024, accounting for 34% of national emissions (excluding international air and sea transport), a figure that remained virtually unchanged between 1990 and 2024. Next comes industry, responsible for 28% of GHG emissions, which have fallen by 53% over the same period, "thanks to lower emissions from the extractive…